The Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot are sourced off unirrigated blocks resulting in concentrated fruit, and the vines have been caned pruned by the same person each year to ensure crop levels are low and the fruit is of the highest quality. Throughout the growing season two passes with the vine trimmer were required to ensure maximum fruit exposure. Just after berry set the vines were leaf plucked to open the canopy and ensure good fruit exposure, this aids in flavour development and tannin ripeness, minimising any green characters.